11/19/2023 0 Comments Himalayas plate boundary![]() ![]() This finding can be explained only if there were two subduction zones pulling India rapidly toward Eurasia, rather than just one.ĭuring a geologic time period known as the Paleocene, India caught up with the volcanic island chain and collided with it, scraping up the rocks we eventually sampled onto the northern edge of India. ![]() Instead, they formed on a chain of volcanic islands, out in the open Neotethys Ocean at a latitude of about 8 degrees north, thousands of kilometers south of where Eurasia was located at the time. The original single-stage collision model for the Himalaya predicts that these rocks would have formed close to Eurasia at a latitude of around 20 degrees north, but our data shows that these rocks did not form on either the Indian or the Eurasian continents. Using the average magnetic direction of the whole suite of samples we can calculate their ancient latitude, which we refer to as the paleolatitude. Credit: Martin et al 'Paleocene latitude of the Kohistan-Ladakh arc indicates multi-stage India-Eurasia collision,' PNAS 2020, CC BY-NC-SA The Trans-Tethyan Subduction Zone is where the volcanic island chain formed before the Indian continent collided into it and pushed it into Eurasia, forming the Himalaya. The Trans-Tethyan Subduction Zone is the additional subduction zone not accounted for in the single-stage collision model. Black lines with triangular tick marks show subduction zones, with the direction of subduction. ![]() Credit: Craig Robert Martin, CC BY-NDīlack lines mark boundaries between tectonic plates. The magnetometer sits inside a magnetically shielded room at the MIT Paleomagnetism Laboratory. Incrementally heating and then measuring the samples in this way enables us to extract the original magnetic direction by removing more recent overprints that might hide it. We brought our samples back to the MIT Paleomagnetism Laboratory and, inside a special room that's shielded from the modern-day magnetic field, we heated them in increments up to 1,256 degrees Fahrenheit (680 degrees Celsius) to slowly remove the magnetization.ĭifferent mineral populations acquire their magnetization at different temperatures. Keeping track of the orientation of the samples as well as the rock layers they came from is essential to calculating which way the ancient magnetic field pointed relative to the surface of the ground as it was over 60 million years ago. The aim was to reconstruct where these rocks originally formed, before they were sandwiched between India and Eurasia and uplifted into the high Himalayas. We then carefully marked these cylindrical cores with their original orientation before chiseling them out of the rock with nonmagnetic tools. We used a hand-held electric drill with a specially designed diamond coring bit to drill approximately 10 centimeters down into the bedrock. These rocks originally formed on a volcano active between 66 and 61 million years ago, around the time that the first stages of collision began. Over multiple expeditions to the Ladakh Himalayas, our team collected hundreds of 1-inch diameter rock core samples. Essentially, this method allows us to unwind millions of years of plate tectonic motions and create maps of the world at different times throughout geologic history. So by measuring the magnetization of volcanic rocks, scientists like me can determine what latitude they came from. When lava erupts and cools to form rock, the magnetic minerals inside lock in the direction of the magnetic field of that location. Oceanic plates are colder and denser than the mantle beneath them, so they sink downward into it at subduction zones.Ī few rock core samples, with the sample orientation line marked on their sides. Tectonic plates make up the surface of Earth, and they're constantly in motion-drifting at the imperceptibly slow pace of just a few centimeters each year. By decoding the magnetic records preserved inside them, we hoped to reconstruct the geography of ancient landmasses-and revise the story of the creation of the Himalayas. Our team of geologists traveled here to collect rocks that erupted as lava more than 60 million years ago. It marks the boundary where two tectonic plates fused together and an ancient ocean disappeared. Known as a suture zone, it's only a few kilometers wide and consists of slivers of different types of rocks all sliced together by fault zones. This area also contains a different type of boundary, a narrow sinuous geological structure that stretches along the length of the Himalayan mountain range. It's a reminder how close we are to the long-disputed borders between India, Pakistan and China which lie on the ridgelines just a few miles away. The muffled soundscape of the spectacular Himalayan wilderness is punctuated by a military convoy roaring along the Khardung-La road below. ![]()
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11/19/2023 0 Comments Pt inr normal range on warfarin![]() ![]() (Coumadin is a common brand name for warfarin. ![]() Warfarin is a blood-thinning medicine that's used to treat and prevent dangerous blood clots. However, blood samples may also be obtained from indwelling intravenous lines when necessary. What is it used for A PT/INR test is most often used to: See how well warfarin is working. Standard percutaneous phlebotomy is the recommended method used to collect venous blood samples. Coagulation tests must be performed using plasma samples and not serum as clotting factors get removed in serum preparations. Although point-of-care devices have been shown to underestimate hemostatic abnormality, point-of-care devices are generally reliable in non-emergency settings. With point-of-care devices, monitoring anticoagulation therapy can take place at thrombosis centers, primary care provider offices, and even by the patients themselves. With increased prescribing of vitamin K-antagonists (VKAs) like warfarin, point-of-care devices have also been more convenient for patients and general practitioners to monitor medication effectiveness. POC devices are of great value in the emergency and operating room settings where clinical diagnosis and intervention are time-sensitive. Be aware that foods containing vitamin K can affect Coumadin therapy. Typical maintenance doses are from 2 to 10 mg/day. If a patients CYP2C9 and VKORC1 genotypes are not known then the initial dose of Coumadin is usually 2 to 5 mg once daily. However, due to the high turnaround time of up to 90 minutes, point-of-care (POC) devices, with a turn-around time of approximately 5 minutes, are becoming more desirable. An INR of 2.5 (range 2.0 to 3.0) is recommended for most indications. Standard laboratory coagulation-based testing has traditionally been used to obtain measurements of PT to ensure reliable results. The INR represents the ratio of the patient's PT divided by a control PT value obtained by using an international reference thromboplastin reagent developed by the WHO. Due to this variability, the World Health Organization (WHO) introduced the international normalized ratio (INR) and has become the standard reporting format for PT results. Many different preparations of thromboplastin reagents are available which can give different PT results even when using the same plasma. PT measures the time, in seconds, for plasma to clot after adding thromboplastin, (a mixture of tissue factor, calcium, and phospholipid) to a patient's plasma sample. More specifically, PT is used to evaluate the extrinsic and common pathways of coagulation, which would detect deficiencies of factors II, V, VII, and X, and low fibrinogen concentrations. Prothrombin time (PT) is one of several blood tests routinely used in clinical practice to evaluate the coagulation status of patients. ![]() 11/19/2023 0 Comments Intime portal login![]() ![]() Market holidays and trading hours provided by Copp Clark Limited. All content of the Dow Jones branded indices Copyright S&P Dow Jones Indices LLC and/or its affiliates. Standard & Poor’s and S&P are registered trademarks of Standard & Poor’s Financial Services LLC and Dow Jones is a registered trademark of Dow Jones Trademark Holdings LLC. Dow Jones: The Dow Jones branded indices are proprietary to and are calculated, distributed and marketed by DJI Opco, a subsidiary of S&P Dow Jones Indices LLC and have been licensed for use to S&P Opco, LLC and CNN. Chicago Mercantile: Certain market data is the property of Chicago Mercantile Exchange Inc. If you cancel access to the client, access to all of their accounts will automatically be removed. Welcome to Time Portal We have been busy making Time Portal better and better. Step 2: Cancel access to the client or tax accounts you no longer wish to have. More information is available in the Electronic Payment Guide. US market indices are shown in real time, except for the S&P 500 which is refreshed every two minutes. Step 1: Enter the client’s INTIME account and go to the Settings (tab) page. The Indiana Department of Revenue (DOR) offers multiple options to securely remit taxes electronically using DOR’s e-services portal, INTIME, and via Electronic Funds Transfer (EFT). Your CNN account Log in to your CNN account “We believe the market is a little ahead of itself expecting significant cuts to the policy rate in 2024 given the overall stickiness of inflation and signs that certain parts of the economy are reaccelerating, housing being one of them,” said Mike Sanders, portfolio manager and head of fixed income at Madison Investments. If you decide you are ready to create your INTIME logon and sign in, here’s what you need to do: STEP 1: Get started by going to .gov and clicking on New to INTIME Sign up or Create an INTIME logon in the Registration panel. Some investors say that the central bank is unlikely to pivot as soon as Wall Street expects, or as quickly. Traders are currently pricing in six rate cuts for 2024, though they remain divided on the magnitude of those cuts, according to the CME FedWatch Tool. This is a Fed that cares more about inflation than recession,” said Rhys Williams, chief strategist at Spouting Rock Asset Management. “We believe the market may underestimate the Fed’s resolve to keep rates higher for longer. The Federal Reserve on Wednesday raised interest rates to their highest level in 22 years - as markets expected - but officials said they haven’t ruled out a rate hike later this year. The Dow’s recent rally boded well for Wall Street, since it suggests that the market’s gains are continuing to broaden beyond just the seven Big Tech stocks that have dominated this year.Ī rally in the blue-chip index also tends to foreshadow gains across the market. The Nasdaq initially surged Thursday, boosted by a stronger-than-expected quarterly financial report from Meta Platforms, before sliding. Strong earnings and investor optimism about tech - particularly fueled by interest in AI - has also helped stocks pick up steam throughout the year. The interior of the New York Stock Exchange's old building in 1895. ![]() 11/19/2023 0 Comments Bird feeder that spins squirrels![]() ![]() This is not very many ports for such a large feeder. This length prevents squirrels from hanging down from the top to reach the food. The bird feeder tube is 21 inches long with feeding ports at the bottom. It keeps squirrels away by spinning when the feeder detects the weight of the squirrel on the feeding perch. The Flipper is a battery-powered squirrel-proof bird feeder made by Droll Yankees. Classic Brands also owns/represents Stokes Select, More Birds, and Squirrel-X brands of bird feeders. It is Droll Yankees of Connecticut, whose parent company is Classic Brands, LLC of Denver, Colorado. The spinning bird feeder is a type of weight-sensitive squirrel-proof bird feeder. Here is one on Amazon that shows it on a tube-type feeder. And, again, chipmunks may not be heavy enough to trigger the mechanism. They hang from above or reach out from the side without touching the perch. They soon out-smart the closing feeder ports. Squirrels are very smart, acrobatic, and determined. ![]() When heavy squirrels press their weight on the perch to eat, the feeding ports close. Here is a link to one on Amazon with good reviews that is typical of the design.Īnother way bird feeders keep squirrels out is with weight-sensitive perches. ![]() Small squirrels can still get in, as well as chipmunks. These act to keep out larger squirrels and even larger jays, starlings and blackbirds. Some bird feeders have a wire cage surrounding them. And adding the chemical in hot peppers (capsaicin) to bird seed deters some squirrels, without impacting birds. Additionally, some foods such as safflower seed is less desirable to squirrels. Though not a bird feeder design, baffles can be added to poles below or cables above the feeder to make it more difficult for squirrels to reach feeders. But a determined squirrel will still get through to the seed. There are two main bird feeder designs to keep squirrels out of your bird feeder: cages and weight sensitive feeding port perches. In addition, squirrels may gnaw on plastic bird feeder parts, destroying them. When present, squirrels can eat a large volume of bird seed and take over a feeder so that birds cannot feed. A squirrel-proof bird feeder is almost an oxymoron. Keeping squirrels out of the bird feeder seems an impossible task. ![]() 11/19/2023 0 Comments Egyptian scribe placeced in niche![]() Reading, writing, and speaking foreign languages must have been an important skill for some scribes. Ptahhotep, a sage who perhaps lived in the Old Kingdom (circa 2675-2130 b.c.e.), believed that “Proper speech is more hidden than green stone, yet may be found among maids at the grindstones.” The farmer who is the hero of the text called “The Eloquent Peasant” spoke so impressively that the king himself wrote down his words.įoreign Languages. ![]() The writers who discuss proper speech sometimes claim that it was not limited to the educated elite. Though the exact definition of proper speech was never described, known examples are extremely involved couplets and triplets that repeat the same thought more than once. Attention to “proper speech” was an intense concern in the advice given to students. Perhaps there is some confirmation of this theory in the way the Egyptians spoke of hieroglyphs, which they called god’s words ( medu netjer), rather than god’s signs. Spelling mistakes made by school boys suggest that they were taught to write whole words rather than individual hieroglyphic or hieratic signs. Unlike English, the order of conjugation is “I, he, you (singular), we, they, you (plural).” One exercise from Dynasties 19 (circa 1292-1190 b.c.e.) or 20 (circa 1190-1075 b.c.e.) reveals a student’s attempt to conjugate verbs. Egyptian students were taught the elements of proper grammar. The content of the letter followed and could concern personal matters or business. The introduction was a greeting that recommended the receiver to the gods. Letters followed a standard format with three parts. Though learning to write was the most important skill for scribes, other subjects formed part of their education, including letter-writing formulae (epistolography), grammar, orthography (spelling), rhetoric, foreign languages, onomastics (lists), geography, arithmetic, and geometry. Source: “The Instructions of Any,” translated by Miriam Lichtheim, Ancient Egyptian Literature, edited by Lichtheim (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1973), p. Study-all the writings, put, them in your heart, The sage Any, during Dynasty 18 (circa 1539-1295/1292 B.C.E,), advised students that: Yet, ostraca were sometimes used by poorer people for writing legal documents. Ostraca that have survived display handwriting that is much more difficult to read than that found on papyrus and also have more mistakes in spelling and grammar. ![]() After a student had reached mastery, he was permitted to write on the more-expensive papyrus. Students learned to write on limestone flakes called ostraca, which were abundant near the edge of the desert. The only word meaning “to read” in Egyptian is the same as the one used for “to recite aloud.” The average scribe was expected to learn and recite texts such as the epic Story of Sinuhe and religious texts. Student scribes first learned to write, and at the same time memorize, the great classics of Egyptian literature. The ordinary scribe had little need to learn to write theĮlaborate hieroglyphs found on temple and tomb walls, a task limited to artists, but surely they could read these wall texts. Hieratic writing bases its signs on hieroglyphs but omits all detail and often joins one sign to another. They then progressed to hieratic, the equivalent of handwriting in English. Students first learned cursive hieroglyphs, which are a simplified writing of the elaborate signs seen on temple and tomb walls. Other people paid village scribes to write letters and help them with other sorts of business that required writing. A larger number of craftsmen and artisans most likely could write their names, or recognize the names of kings in hieroglyphs, without being fully literate. How Many Scribes? Though some scholars have estimated that only 1 percent of the Egyptian population was literate, this number probably applies only to the percentage of Egyptians who were fully educated. In all periods, scribal education was the key to success in Egyptian society. ![]() ![]() Thutmose III (circa 1479-1425 b.c.e.) used scribal education as a means to “Egyptianize” conquered foreign rulers. Egyptian education was available to the sons of foreign rulers during Dynasty 18 (circa 1539-1295/1292 b.c.e.). Some sort of scribal education was also available to artisans at Deir el Medina. The only exception was during the Middle Kingdom (circa 1980-1630 b.c.e.) when a shortage of scribes led to the possibility of upward mobility. In most periods scribal education was available only to male children of the elite. Scribal education was designed to train supervisors for overseeing work in administration, construction, and temples. ![]() 11/19/2023 0 Comments Nasa florida autocross![]() We offer safe, fast, fun events at Sebring, Homestead, and Daytona. We are Florida s premier sports car racing and high performance driving organization. Running stock hardware in many cases won’t hurt your speed, but it will assist your pocketbook as you get started.National Auto Sport Association - Florida Region | Fast fun for everyone! Website Description: If your car is a project you plan to race over the first season or two while you optimize the build to the rules you can do that without too much handicap. ![]() Just make sure you have the required safety equipment. The rules allow for the use of OEM parts if you can’t afford to do the full build on day one. NASA Crows Landing Airport: iCal: SEQ PCA (Zone Event) Autocross - October 8, 2022. Weekly View of Autocross Events this Month. ![]() The availability of pre-fab cages and negotiated discounts on shocks, sway bars, and other parts keeps the build cost low and the car configurations very equal.Ĭonsiderations have been made to allow for affordable race components that are not only inexpensive and fast, but promote more economical racing. Select a pin on the map to view the Autocross Event(s) at that Location. Spec Corvette was designed to allow for the build of a racecar from a $10,000 C5 street car. ![]() The best part is that now a build that used to cost $50,000 to $60,000 is down to under $20,000 thanks to the increased availability of C5 Corvettes and the pervasiveness of aftermarket race parts. 7-10, 2022 Pittsburgh International RacePlex Registration: click here. SCCA Rodeo Cat Majors CenDiv SCCA JRoad America. Registration: click here 2023 NASA Championships Sept. CJKAT Day 2 Jamaica Karting Association JPalisadoes Backways. You set your own goals and go as fast as you feel comfortable going. The cars are fast, but with vast amounts of durability, cost savings, and reduced maintenance. NASA MidAmerica Region JOzarks International Raceway. The NASA HPDE provide you with a certified instructor to help guide you through the event, one on one, as you learn how to handle your car at the limit. Spec Corvette brings back SCCA T1 and NASA ST2 racing the way it used to be. ![]() At track days, in the right hands, a Corvette is likely to set the fast-time-of-day. The car is an outstanding performer in all conditions and on all tracks. Our photographer is: Prior photographers were: Juha Lievonen - photosbyjuha Eric Tillotson - AWOL Photo -> Sebring October 3-4 2015 Gallery - click here. The era of the C5 Corvette in SCCA T1 was an exciting time for racing for many drivers. There is a need in the market for a fast car, that is relatively inexpensive to build, tough and reliable, with low maintenance costs and easy access to new and used parts. National Auto Sport Associations Florida Region event at Sebring International Raceway 4/28/13. Spec Corvette was born out of a vacuum left by the established race sanctioning bodies. ![]() 11/19/2023 0 Comments Cute small box braids![]() ![]() The fastest and most convenient way to do a box braid hairstyle is through the crochet braid method. ![]() Below are the different types of box braids, each bringing a little flair to what we know as box braids. This article will look at the different box braid types and styles.Īs mentioned previously, box braids don’t come in one style alone, but rather there’s a plethora of styles that one can choose from to suit your fashion sense. This hairstyle comes with many different designs and unique looks. Depending on how you choose to install the box braids, you will attach the hair and start braiding down to the end. You part out a section of hair to create a braid. 1.Box braids are a protective hairstyle that gets its name from the box shape around the braid. Now it’s time to check out the cutest ideas of braided hairstyles and pin the best ones to show your hairstylist. The Most Gorgeous Black Braided Hairstyles They look very interesting, unhackneyed and worth a try. These dimensional braids are ideal for long thick hair. Braided bun updos are always an extra charge of elegance to ennoble even the simplest outfit. The braid that starts from mid-shaft is not noticeable in the front and looks sloppy in the back. – Very loose whimsical braids for long hair. These are loose, messy and inspired by Boho chic. – Wrap-around braids and twists for black hair with feminine accessories. ![]() Cornrows have been always considered a rather casual hairstyle, but now when they are in Couture collections, it’s high time to rock them. – Tight and edgy cornrow styles, cornrowed buns. Some braided hairstyles that always work: So, you may read our articles, get inspired and try on new images already now. Luckily, popular Instagram influencers and celebrity hairstylists bring some new fresh ideas into life EVERY day. As for the hairstyles, things are much easier here. Read on! Popular Trends in Black Braided Hairstylesįashion shows are always inspiring, yet when it comes to clothes, we need to wait at least till March to find out what to add to our lookbook. If they have survived till our time, there definitely must be something special in them, don’t you think? Every year world-famous designers experiment with braids at fashion shows, Youtube videos with braiding tricks get millions of views, and pictures with braids get more likes than photos with any other hairstyles! Need new inspiring ideas? We’ve rounded up some trends and picked the best images from the top hairstylists around the world. Researchers say that braids were “in fashion” even 2000 years b.c. Once you pick a desired braiding style, thickness and have your hair braided, you may shape your braids into gorgeous hairstyles both for every day and special events. So why not use this idea to your advantage?Īfrican hair braiding is very versatile: microbraids, cornrows, fishtail braids, blocky braids, black braided buns, twist braids, tree braids, hair bands, French braids and more are at your disposal. Your hair, that you might have been complaining of before, is created for braids. Natural perm and hair thickness is your big plus and a unique bonus that you simply can’t leave unused. ![]() Besides, you can experiment with highlights, natural or curly texture, clips, patterns, shapes, etc. There are many interesting braiding techniques to make every head unique. Besides, with the awesome hairstyles listed below, you will attract attention, admiring glances and sincere smiles.īraided hairstyles make space for creativity. Braids are an easy and so pleasant way to forget about hair styling for months, give your hair some rest and protect it from harsh environmental factors. ![]() ![]() ![]() With continuing support from the Morris Animal Foundation, researchers currently are focusing their efforts on the exact role the tabanid fly plays in disease transmission in an effort to improve conservation strategies. However, the research team realized that more work needed to be done to save this fragile rhino population, the most endangered of the five rhino species. This vaccination program helped reduce the risk of disease transmission from the water buffalo to Javan rhinos and other endangered animals living in the park. As a result, local government officials implemented a free vaccination program for livestock. ![]() Previous Morris Animal Foundation-funded research expanded knowledge about hemorrhagic septicemia. From previous research, scientists know these flies are helping spread the parasite that causes hemorrhagic septicemia – an acute, highly fatal form of pasteurellosis common in local water buffalo populations – to the critically endangered Javan rhino population.Ī Morris Animal Foundation-funded research team, wildlife managers, and local villagers in and around Ujung Kulon National Park have been collaborating in a desperate effort to save the Javan rhinoceros. Tabanid flies, which include horse and deer flies, are found all over the world, including the Ujung Kulon National Park in Java, Indonesia, home to the last remaining population of Javan rhinos. Now, disease is posing a significant threat to the species. The last Javan rhino living outside of Java, in Vietnam, was killed in 2010 by poachers. Illegal wildlife trade, natural disasters, invasive plant species and reduced genetic diversity chipped away at the population. ![]() Until the late 19th century and early 20th century, Javan rhinos existed from northeast India and the Sundarbans, throughout mainland Southeast Asia, and on the island of Sumatra. What seems to be standing in their way is a deadly parasite spread by a common fly. Researchers funded by Morris Animal Foundation are in a race against time to protect the health of the remaining animals and give them a chance at population recovery. Updated – With fewer than 70 individuals left worldwide, the Javan rhinoceros is thought to be the rarest large mammal on earth. ![]() ![]() ![]() As such, while the tool’s window can be minimized, you can continue working on other things without affecting the speed of the system. Nuance Power PDF Standard is a lightweight tool, which doesn’t affect system resources. Once you start using the program, you won’t need more than a couple of times to get used to the interface. Compared to expensive and high-end programs, this one is a more affordable, easy-to-use, and sophisticated choice. It allows you to gain more control over PDF workflows by combining a wide range of functionalities in a single tool. With several configurable settings, Nuance Power PDF Standard gives a tough fight to the competition. For instance, you can enable auto-complete, personalize the font, adjust navigation transparency, change full-screen properties, and verify signatures. Almost everything can be easily customized from the ‘Preferences’ panel. Nuance Power PDF download comes with several features, functionalities, and settings. Can you customize Nuance Power PDF Standard? The only drawback is the weak OCR functionality, which sometimes doesn’t properly recognize the on-screen text for scanned documents. With Nuance Power PDF Standard, it’s also possible to manage trusted identities, view document properties (fonts, security, description, etc.), highlight text, insert callouts and text boxes, underline and cross-out text, apply drawing tools, and attach sounds or files. If you’re new to PDF editing, using the rulers and a display grid would be helpful. The program can also be stretched to full-screen, making it easier to work with files containing too much text.Īdditionally, Nuance Power PDF Standard lets you toggle the viewing mode between continuous, single page, continuous facing, clockwise, counterclockwise, and other formats. Moreover, you can use the search function to look for files on your computer, add notes, and make a specific selection. You can easily load files into the workflow environment with either the ‘drag and drop’ function or the file browser. What can you do with Nuance Power PDF Standard?Īs mentioned earlier, the intuitive interface makes it easier to work with PDF files. Moreover, it provides you with connectivity options for prominent Cloud services and keeps your documents protected from unwanted access. The program comes optimized for Windows 10 and a wide range of touchscreen devices. With the software, it’s easy to collaborate on different PDF workflows. Nuance Power PDF accurately and quickly reproduces complex layouts with columns, tables, graphics, forms, and other elements. While using the program, there’s no need to recreate or retype a document, since everything can be converted to PDFs and back within seconds. Since the application offers a secure, compatible, and smart way to create, convert, read, and edit PDFs, you can work faster. Is Nuance Power PDF Standard easy to use?įor better user experience, Nuance Power PDF comes with a simple, clean, and intuitive interface. In fact, with this feature-packed tool, you can even archive emails by converting them into PDFs. When it comes to data security, Nuance Power PDF Standard uses digital signatures, encryption, and password-protection to safeguard the documents. ![]() Additionally, you can resize the PDFs without losing quality. While using the tool, you can add text with the ‘Typewriter’ tool, use the integrated spellchecker, and perform other editing tasks. Microsoft PowerPoint, Word, and Excel are compatible with Nuance Power PDF, and don’t require you to use third-party software for conversions or edits. Moreover, you can convert the file into the original program’s file format. With Nuance Power PDF Standard, you can easily create PDFs from almost any Microsoft Windows program. While it’s primarily used for PDF conversions, the program is a full-fledged resource for PDF document management. It comes with several features to compete with leading products in the category. ![]() Nuance Power PDF Standard is an excellent alternative to expensive and complex programs.ĭesigned and developed by Nuance Software, the tool is an improved version of the basic Nuance PDF Reader. ![]() But they prove to be costly in the long run. PDF Suite and PDF Converter are two prominent choices but lag behind on features and user-friendliness.įor professional purposes, you might want to try out Adobe’s range of products. Fortunately, you can choose from a wide range of free online PDF tools options available. Due to the complicated coding layout and compact size, you need specialized apps and programs to read, view, and edit PDFs. Unlike text or image files, it’s difficult to edit PDFs. ![]() 11/19/2023 0 Comments 2003 kia spectra transmission![]() Diagnosing this issue can prevent a high Kia transmission repair cost. If you notice this happening in your car, you will typically also have the check engine light on in your car. Any one of these vehicles can undergo harsh and sudden gear shifts, causing jerking while accelerating and unintended shifting. The third most common Kia transmission problem deals with the cars that use the 5-speed automatic transmission mechanism. A solenoid pack replacement generally ranges between $300-$400, which can help you save on the overall Kia transmission repair cost. When the solenoid is not functioning correctly, it might be best to look into a total solenoid pack replacement. If the speed sensor is not working correctly, it can cause the solenoid to misread the trouble codes. The main reason for this happening is due to a faulty input or output speed sensor. Causes of erratic shiftingĭiagnosing the cause of erratic shifting can help you keep the overall Kia transmission repair cost as low as possible. ![]() Vehicles that use the 4-speed automatic transmission can experience performance issues like uncontrolled shifting and accidental shifts into neutral. Erratic ShiftingĪnother common problem that can cause a high Kia transmission repair cost is erratic shifting and suddenly jumping into neutral without any intention. If the harness breaks the line of communication, this can cause the check engine light to turn on and increase the Kia transmission repair cost. The internal harness problems can cause a break in communication between important transmission components – like the TCU and the solenoids. Although this can seem expensive, it is quite low in terms of transmission repair costs.Īnother common cause of any delayed gear change issues can arise from a faulty internal harness. ![]() Leaking solenoids are an easy problem to fix, as the price to replace the entire solenoid pack is just $400. If your solenoids are not working properly and begin to falter over time, this can cause the solenoids can leak. Some possible causes of the delayed gear changes that lead to performance issues and going uphill, downhill, or accelerating can be due to a pressure drop within the valve body. This problem can turn on the check engine light on your dashboard if you let it go for too long without getting checked, so you should bring your Kia to a mechanic so they can diagnose the trouble code and estimate your total Kia transmission repair cost. If your car has trouble reversing after shifting into a higher gear, you may notice this problem be exacerbated during the cold weather. ![]() |
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